Drug and Alcohol

Benzedrine: History, Side Effects, and Why It Was Banned

benzedrine

Benzedrine (“bennies”) revolutionized amphetamine-based medication, before it was banned. Learn more about its history, effects, and why it was discontinued.

As one of the first amphetamine-based medications, Benzedrine revolutionized the treatment of conditions like ADHD and narcolepsy.

By increasing levels of key brain chemicals, Benzedrine enhanced focus and impulse control, paving the way for modern stimulants like Adderall. However, its journey from a medical marvel to an abused and addictive substance eventually led to its discontinuation.

Explore the history of this former brand name drug, as well as side effects, modern forms, and risks of amphetamine misuse.

What Is Benzedrine?

Benzedrine is a brand name for amphetamine, a central nervous system stimulant that was formerly used to treat conditions such as ADHD and narcolepsy. It was sold in the form of pills and inhalers, and is said to have been used by a number of mid-1900s artists for creative inspiration, including Jack Kerouac.

How Benzedrine Works

It works by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain that affect concentration, focus, and impulse control. Benzedrine is similar to Adderall in that both medications contain amphetamine, but Benzedrine is an older formulation that is no longer widely used today. It was one of the first amphetamine-based medications on the market and was commonly prescribed in the mid-20th century before being replaced by newer, more targeted treatments for ADHD.

Benzedrine, once widely used for various medical purposes, has now been largely replaced by newer medications. Today, this drug is primarily known for its historical significance rather than its current medical applications.

One of the modern uses of Benzedrine is in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it’s rarely prescribed for this purpose due to its potential for abuse and addiction.

Another contemporary application of Benzedrine is in the field of forensic toxicology. It may be detected in certain toxicology screenings due to its chemical composition and effects on the body.

Despite its limited medical use today, some individuals still misuse Benzedrine for its stimulant effects. This misuse can lead to serious health consequences and legal ramifications.

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The History Behind Benzedrine

Benzedrine, a medication and Schedule II controlled substance containing amphetamine, gained popularity for its stimulant effects in the mid-20th century. Initially used to treat conditions like narcolepsy and asthma, it later became known for its recreational use due to its euphoric effects.

The misuse of Benzedrine led to significant concerns regarding addiction and abuse. As its availability increased, so did cases of dependence and overdose. The drug’s potential for misuse raised alarms within the medical community and regulatory bodies, highlighting the risks of amphetamine misuse and leading to its discontinuation by the FDA in 1959.

Why Benzedrine Was Banned

Throughout the mid-1900s, reports of widespread abuse and addiction associated with Benzedrine prompted the US government to take action. Concerns over its psychological and physical effects, as well as its potential for misuse, led to the decision to ban the drug. The illegal amphetamines market began to grow as a result.

Despite its initial therapeutic benefits, the increasing evidence of harm caused by Benzedrine could no longer be ignored. The risks associated with its use outweighed any potential benefits, leading to its prohibition in the United States. This marked a significant moment in the history of amphetamine-based medications.

Modern Forms of Benzedrine

While the brand name Benzedrine is no longer available, amphetamine is still legal as a controlled substance and sold under the following brand names:

  • Adzenys

  • Dyanavel

  • Evekeo

Other drugs related to Benzedrine that are currently available include:

  • Vyvanse

  • Adderall

  • Mydayis

  • Zenzedi

  • Dexedrine

  • ProCentra

How Benzedrine Works

Benzedrine, also known as amphetamine, works by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain, specifically dopamine and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters are responsible for regulating mood, attention, and focus.

By enhancing the activity of dopamine and norepinephrine, Benzedrine can improve concentration, alertness, and energy levels. This mechanism is similar to other stimulant medications, such as Adderall, which also contain amphetamine.

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Benzedrine Side Effects

Benzedrine was widely used in the mid-20th century for various medical conditions. However, its use has been associated with numerous side effects, some of which can be severe. Understanding these side effects is crucial for anyone considering or currently using this medication.

  • Anxiety and irritability

  • Dizziness

  • Dry mouth

  • Headache

  • Trouble with sleep

  • Loss of appetite and weight loss

  • Blurred vision

  • Teeth grinding (bruxism)

  • Difficulty urinating

  • Nosebleeds (epistaxis)

  • Erectile dysfunction (ED)

  • Excessive sweating

  • Constipation or diarrhea

  • Stomach pain or upset

  • Vomiting

If you experience any of these side effects, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional immediately.

Risks of Benzedrine Use

Benzedrine, a brand name for amphetamine, was once widely used for various medical conditions. However, its use carries significant risks that should be carefully considered.

Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

Benzedrine can cause a significant increase in heart rate and blood pressure, which may lead to cardiovascular issues over time.

Slowed Growth in Children

Children who use Benzedrine may experience slowed growth, which can impact their overall development.

Sudden Stroke

The use of Benzedrine has been linked to an increased risk of sudden stroke, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition.

Psychosis

Long-term use or abuse of Benzedrine can lead to psychosis, characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and severe mental disturbances.

Dependence and Addiction

Benzedrine has a high potential for dependence and addiction, making it crucial to use this medication only under strict medical supervision.

Understanding these risks is essential for anyone considering or currently using Benzedrine. Always consult with a healthcare professional to ensure safe use.

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Amphetamine Addiction: Get the Help You Deserve

Amphetamine addiction, including modern forms of Benzedrine, is a serious issue that affects many individuals. If you or a loved one is struggling with addiction, remember that you’re not alone, and help is available to guide you toward recovery.

The Edge Treatment Center offers a team of treatment experts and a range of therapies designed to support addiction recovery. Our compassionate and experienced professionals are dedicated to helping you navigate the challenges of addiction and find a path to a healthier future.

Call us today to see how we can help you or your loved one take the first step towards recovery.

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If you or a loved one is struggling with addiction, there is hope. Our team can guide you on your journey to recovery. Call us today.

Written by

monty-montgomeryMonty Montgomery

Content Writer

Reviewed by

jeremy-arztJeremy Arzt

Chief Clinical Officer

Drug and Alcohol

July 27, 2024

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Benzedrine is a brand name for amphetamine, a central nervous system stimulant used to treat conditions like ADHD and narcolepsy. It was one of the first prescription amphetamines available.

Common side effects of Benzedrine include increased heart rate, insomnia, loss of appetite, and restlessness. Other potential side effects may include amphetamine misuse and amphetamine toxicity.

Benzedrine works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, leading to increased alertness and focus. This mechanism is similar to other stimulant medications like Adderall.

Risks of using Benzedrine include addiction, cardiovascular issues, psychosis, and potential overdose leading to serious health complications. Amphetamine overdose can be particularly dangerous and requires immediate medical attention.